Mind and Senses Lexicons in the Holy Quran PDF |
| Siham Mohammed Ahmed Al Asmer |
| Supervisor(s) |
| PhD. Yehya Jaber - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Thanks to Allah, and peace on his prophet, This study was arranged in an introduction, three main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction approached the importance of language in human life. Furthermore, the study focus on the status of Arabic language; the language of the holy Quran, the title of the study was "dictionary of lexicons of mind and senses: a statistical study. The first chapter of the study, made the theoretical background with a title "lexicons of mind and senses between philosophers and linguists". It also included a discussion of vocabulary of realization and awareness that took its origin from the Greek philosophy with an Islamic style, most of the time, a cross-opinions approach between the variouse linguists which shows the points of agreement and disagreements. The second chapter: in this chapter the dictionary was divided into similar somatic groups, the dissection of lexicons semantics and its origin in the Arabic dictionaries, moreover, a linking was made between most dictionary lexicons and their meaning in concrete form, and its epistemological and its developments into their abstract form. The third chapter contained a statistical tabulation, and divided them into two tables of contents, the former is concerned with mind and senses lexsicons in alphabetical order, supported with variouse occurrences in the holy Quran, the latter, is a statistical tabulation that shows the numbers of words occurrences in the Quran, their derivations and their madani and maki classifications. Finally, the study ended with a conclusion that focuses on the main themes and summarizes the study's main results, while comparing the results of previous studies.
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Saturday, January 16, 2010
Mind and Senses Lexicons in the Holy Quran
Cooling of High Heat Flux Electronic Devices by Two Phase Thermosyphon System
Cooling of High Heat Flux Electronic Devices by Two Phase Thermosyphon System PDF |
| Aysar Mahmoud Masoud Yasin |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa - |
| Discussion Commity |
| . Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa supervisor Dr. Afif Hasan (External Examiner) Dr. Bashir Al Noory (Internal Examiner) |
| 116 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Two phase closed thermosyphon system for cooling high heat flux electronic devices is built in the laboratory and tested under different operating conditions. This Study presents an experimental investigation on the heat transfer coefficient, temperature difference between the evaporator and the refrigerant inside evaporator channels, overall heat transfer coefficient, and overall thermal resistance in two-phase thermosyphon system. Investigations are carried out at different conditions: different system pressures, two different types of refrigerants R134a and R22, two different evaporator designs, natural and forced convection heat transfer mode in the condenser. The heat flux and the amount of refrigerant are the manipulated parameters in the system. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient increases almost linearly with the applied heat to the evaporator, and reduced pressure. It is also highly dependant on the type of refrigerant, because the performance of the refrigerant R134a likely to be better than that of R22. The heat transfer coefficient is also higher at natural convection condensation than forced convection condensation at the same heat load, while the overall heat transfer coefficient in the system for forced convection is higher than for natural convection condensation. The heat transfer coefficient is highly dependant on the design of evaporator, especially on the diameters channels. The natural convection heat transfer coefficient is found to be 27 kW/m².˚C and 3.7 kW/m².˚C using R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 115W. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient is found to be 2.4 kW/m².˚C and 1.6 kW/m².˚C, using R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 450W. The forced convection overall heat transfer coefficient using R134a is found to be 9.4 kW/m².˚C at 415W while it is 1.08 kW/m².˚C at natural convection at 155W. The temperature difference [Tevaporator–Tsaturation] depends on both the applied heat flux to the evaporator, systems pressure and type of the refrigerant. The natural convection temperature difference does not exceed 1˚C and exceeded 8˚C for R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 100W. The obtained evaporator temperature for R134a is 94˚C at 155W and 44˚C at 414W using natural and forced convection, respectively. While, the obtained evaporator temperature for R22 is about 80˚C at 115W and 40˚C at 450W for natural and forced convection, respectively. The overall thermal resistance decreases almost linearly with increasing the heat load regardless of the used refrigerant. Moreover, for forced convection, the thermal resistance is much lower than the other heat transfer processes. The overall natural convection thermal resistance is 0.47˚C/W at 155.6W and 0.53˚C/W at 115W while overall forced convection thermal resistance is 0.056˚C/W at 414W and 0.044˚C/W at 417W for R134a and R22 refrigerants, respectively. |
COMPUTER – AIDED DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PV-DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM
COMPUTER – AIDED DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PV-DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM PDF |
| Mo'ien Ali Ahmad Omar |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Dr. Marwan M. Mahmoud - د.عماد بريك |
| Discussion Commity |
| Prof. Dr. Marwan M.Mahmoud Dr.Waleed Al-Kokhon Dr.ImadIbrik Dr.Abdel-karim Daud |
| 113 صفحة |
| Abstract :h |
Abstract The present work presents a methodology to design and analyze the performance of a PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems using computer aided design. Analysis carried out in terms of several designs and different economic parameters based on life cycle cost and cost annuity. It was found that for Palestine the PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems are economically more feasible than using diesel or PV- stand alone systems. Different scenarios were tested technically and economically until the most appropriate one was found. A respective computer program, which simulates the operation of hybrid system on an hourly basis, was developed and can be a helpful tool to design a PV– Diesel Hybrid Power Systems appropriate from techno-economical view points for rural areas in Palestine. |
The Legal Regulation of Electronic Contracts
The Legal Regulation of Electronic Contracts PDF |
| Yahia Yousef Falah Hassan |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ghassan Khaled - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 134 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Internet as other interventions evolved gradually from military use to civil use, trade and an electronic contracts in which agreement is done with an open communication net through a seen and heard mechanism that facilitate the interaction between the acceptor and the taker. Globally, electronic contracts are negotiable and not obligatory. There is always a possibility to negotiate on these electronic contracts according to the nature of each electronic contact. Electronic contracts are considered international contracts, crossing boundaries, and not confined by boundaries of any country. Electronic contracts may be commercial, civil, or mixed according to the nature of each contract, and the relationship that governs the parties of the contracts. The acceptance in the electronic contract should be obvious and containing all necessary elements. The showed image on the screen of the computer must reflect the real situation for the goods without unexplained or lost items. The acceptance should be clear and explicit. Silence is not considered as acceptance in electronic contracts. Electronic contracts are governed by administrative law which the parties choose. In case there is no agreement between the parties on the law, the judge may extract the hidden well from similar situation and adopt the closest law to the electronic contract based on the place of the contract or the nationality of the parties. For approval of the electronic contact, the Palestinian law deals with the modern communication instruments in the spectrum of exceptions, so it does not obligate the existence of complete written evidence to made it legal. It considers the freedom of obligation in trade goods, taking into account that the nature of the basics of Law of Evidence is completive not forcible, and the parties can agree on its opposite. The signature on the electronic contracts takes different forms depending on its nature, including biometric, numerical, and pen signatures. There are a lot of legislations to govern the type of the signature to give it the needed legal entity. The researcher concluded that electronic signature may be used under the Palestinian Law of Evidence after the agreement of the parties, and this returns to the freedom of the parties to agree on the way to guarantee their activities. Electronic signature is accepted according to the Palestinian law in certain situations like the formal documents, and the documents agreed upon by the parties. However, electronic signature is not accepted according to the Palestinian law in certain sensitive and special situations like Islamic Waqf, wills and its revisions, the disposition of immovable properties, entrusts, and the personal documents. |
Guarantees of Disciplinary Questioning of the Public Servant Contrastive Study
Guarantees of Disciplinary Questioning of the Public Servant Contrastive Study PDF |
| Amjad Jihad Nafe' Ayyash |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ahmad Mubarak Al-Khaldi - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 180 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This study investigated the guarantees of disciplinary questioning of the public servant. In this study, I investigated these guarantees in the light of each of the Palestinian, Jordanian and Egyptian systems. In the first chapter, I approached the guarantees that precede the implementation of the disciplinary penalty. I demonstrated the confrontation of the worker with the violations alleged to him. I dealt with the concept of confrontation and the legal basis on which it is based. I found out that confrontation aims at putting the worker in the image of the accusations attributed to him. Although jurisprudence is in not in agreement in determining the basis of confrontation in case of lack of text between the ideas of penalty and hearing the other party, there is agreement about considering it a core procedure. Upon studying the confrontation details, I demonstrated the idea of informing the public servant of the accusations attributed to him, and his right of seeing the disciplinary file. I also studied the guarantee of the public servant to practise his right of defence. I found out that there is some discrepancy and absurdity in the definition of defence right and its relationship with other guarantees. I also discussed the procedures of defence practices regarding oral or written defence, freedom of defence, the employee's right of cross questioning witnesses and using them as witnesses, his right of having the assistance of a lawyer. I found out that the right of defence is one of the general principles that should be respected even in the absence of text. However, there are limits and restrictions that should be respected. I also discussed the jurisprudence disagreement regarding the burden of proof. I found out that some attributed this burden on the prosecution party taking in consideration the principle "the accused is innocent until proven guilty" which is applied in the criminal field. Others believe, based on the idea of the accuracy of administrative procedures, that the very idea of accusing the employee makes the employee guilty and he carries the burden of proving his innocence. Since confrontation of the employee with the charge attributed to him, and granting him with the right of practicing defence shall not be useful, and shall not realize the targeted purpose unless there is a guarantee of objectivity, I discussed the definition of objectivity. Some legislators restrict its range so that it is limited to the idea of not joining between the authority of investigation and verdict while others consider it an extension of defence right. I discussed this guarantee during the stage of investigation in addition to the stage of penalty implementation. I reached the conclusion that the objectivity guarantee finds complete application in the judicial disciplinary system while it is applied more weakly in the quasi-judicial disciplinary system, and it is hardly available in presidential discipline. In dealing with the means of fulfilling the objectivity guarantee, I discussed the reasons of rejection, withdrawal, and non-competence, in addition to the regulations of response and non-competence. I found out that the difference between the reasons of non-competence and the reasons of rejection lies in the following: the first nullifies the sentence or verdict even if the opponents are in agreement because the case is related to public order while opponents can disregard the rejection request or concede it after its application, and so the verdict becomes correct even if the reasons are available. The second chapter is dedicated to the guarantees of disciplinary questioning related to the controls of disciplinary penalty. As I discussed the principle of legality, I found out that the application of this principle in the disciplinary field is inadequate since it includes the legality of penalty while it does not include the legality of the violation. In addition, there are no penalty lists that link between the violation and its corresponding penalty since this is left to the competent disciplinary authority. I also discussed the procedures of commitment to the legality principle concerning the commitment to the legally-recognized limits of penalty, and narrow interpretation of penalty texts, and non-application of disguised penalty. Then I discussed the principle of disciplinary penalty character. I found out that this principle does not allow punishing the employee unless he has committed a violation or contributed to it. Otherwise, the penalty verdict would lack one of its basic foundations which is the reason foundation. Following this, I discussed the unity of the disciplinary penalty stating that the employee shall not undergo more than one original disciplinary penalty for committing one violation. I discussed the stipulations for such multitude. Among the important guarantees that I investigated in this study is the principle of proportion between the violation and the disciplinary penalty. I found out that the administrative judiciary acknowledges as a general principle for the concerned disciplinary authorities the liberty of estimating the proper penalty for the committed violation provided that such estimation shall not be excessive. I discussed the jurisprudence disagreement about the judiciary supervision of proportion. I found out that the application of such principle contradicts with what the legislations used to do in providing penalty lists related to some categories of high-ranking employees. I also discussed the principle of causation in penalty, stating its importance, its place in contrastive legislation, and the rule of such causation when the text is not available. I found out that this rule differs among systems based on administrative nature of discipline (Jordan and Palestine) and the systems based on judicial nature of discipline (Egypt). I also discussed the elements of causation restricted by facts that require penalty, the legal basis of incrimination, and the employee's response regarding defence. I demonstrated the stipulations of correct causation that require that causation should be stated in the main part of the verdict, and that the causation must be proper, coordinated and clear. The third chapter is dedicated to study the judicial appeal against the disciplinary penalty. I discussed the competent party of seeing the appeal in Egypt, Jordan and Palestine. I found out that the disciplinary penalty in Egypt may be issued by administrative circles in addition to judicial parties. Therefore, I distinguished between the competent parties investigating the appeal against the disciplinary penalty according to the part issuing the verdict. I also criticized the Palestinian administrative judiciary for its suffering from having one degree of judiciary, and the inadequacy of one court in looking into all the administrative cases. I also dealt with the two stipulations of interest and dates. I identified what is meant by interest and the judiciary stands of the jurisprudence and judiciary that it is necessary to have it, and the criteria of its identification. I also discussed the dates of submitting appeals against the disciplinary penalty at both administrative and judiciary levels. I found out that such dates are not applicable on the executed verdict. I discussed the regulation of injustice before submitting the appeal and the reasons of appeal. I found out that the disciplinary verdict as an administrative verdict is based on five bases: competence, form, cause, locus, and purpose. Therefore, I confined the appeal causes at the bases that may affect the administrative verdict in one of its bases. As for the appeal causes of the disciplinary verdict, I discussed what is stated in the Egyptian State Board Law that restricts such causes in that the appealed verdict shall be based on law violation, error in its application or interpretation, nullification of the verdict or the procedures taken following the verdict, or issuing the verdict in contrary with a former verdict that exceeded the power of the sentenced case. I also discussed the impact rising from abolishing the disciplinary verdict. It was found out that the abolishment verdict shall execute the administrative verdict retrospectively from the date of its issuance. However, the abolishment verdict has the power of absolute authority regarding the locus but it does not prevent the disciplinary authorities from re-questioning the employee disciplinarily in accordance with the |
Israeli Apartheid Wall in International Law
Israeli Apartheid Wall in International Law PDF |
| Reem Tayseer Al-Arda |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Basel Mansor - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 150 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract My thesis deals with every complicated issue in Palestinians life that is, the wall which most of was constructed on the Palestinians lands. Before this in advanced chapter I have discussed the historical roofs of this wall to prove that it is not for fighting terrorism and explosive attacks inside Israel as Israel claims but the other real purposes are to creat anew accomplished fact and new boarders that might not be changed. In the first chapter I have handled the legality of the wall which is the content of the subject where I present that the construction of the wall on the occupied Palestinian lands is against the inter national law and against all the International traditions and treaties especially the united National convention of human rights and any other related international agreements. More over I handeted in this chapter the united Nations attitude towards the wall's issue especially (security council and General Assembly), I have deduced that General Assembly attiude is stronger and greater than that of the security council which always restricted the right of -veto-when the attitude is for the Palestinian national interest. The second chapter is specialized to discuss the international attitudes towards the wall. I noticed an obvious difference among these attitudes, some of them agree, others disagree and third is a moderate. The states which have common interest, with Israel have attitude to those witch sympathize with the Palestinians issue. I also found that the Arabic states attitude is no more than condemning and deluging and silence. But according to the Palestinian attitude which is the stronger because some issues that are directly related to the wall when they are positive or negative in terms of Israeli attitude towards the wall they are two attitudes one the them agree the other disagree the idea to constrict the wall on the occupied Palestinians lanes. At third chapter I have deled the role of international court of Justice in Lahai in terms of which was constructed on the occupied Palestinian lands. This role was very strong since it issued a resolution to destroy the built parts of this wall, to compensate for their damages because of the wall and to stop the constructing work and this means that the resolution is for the Palestinian interest. This resolution consists of 150 pages, but I didn't discuss it in details because of the resented number of pages of thesis. I neatened only the most important points which demand from Israel to destroy the wall. In the same chapter I have discussed the authority of international court of Justice to issue such are solution in term of the wall or not because Israel and other states were against this court and they have suspected in the court authority for many reasons imentroned them in details in third section of this chapter. At the end of the third chapter I have discussed the political and legal importance of the resolution that issued by the international court of Justice which is considered as a victory to the Palestinian Nation. In the concluding section I have discussed all my general deductions on all the aspect of thesis. |
Perceptions of Najah National University students about democratic practices of the faculty members
Perceptions of Najah National University students about democratic practices of the faculty members PDF |
| Rula Abdul Rahim Harb |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ghassan Al Hilo - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 108 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This study sought to identify the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of faculty members in it. In addition, the study examined whether these students’ perceptions differed according to sex, college, place of living and cumulative average variables. To these two ends, the researcher developed a questionnaire and administered it to the sample. The 40-item questionnaire revolved around the students’ perceptions towards the democratic practices of the faculty members. The population of the study was all An-Najah National University (16,000 men and women students). A randomly chosen sample was drawn from the population. The total sample amounted to 800 students of both sexes. The study raised the following question and tested the following hypothesis. What are the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of the faculty members? There are no statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of the faculty members which may be attributed to variables of sex, college, place of living, and cumulative average. After data collection and analysis it was found that the over all score of students’ perceptions of the democratic practices of faculty members was average. The percentage of response of the total score was 62.0%. It was also found that there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the perceptions of students towards the democratic practices of faculty members in the domains of fairness and equality among students and method of teaching. The overall score, between males and females, was in favor of males. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the domains of freedom of expression, academic course which might be attributed to variable of sex. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the overall score of students’ perceptions towards the democratic practices of faculty members between males and females in favor of males which might be attributed to college variable. However, there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the score of the students’ perceptions of the faculty members’ democratic practices in the domains of equality and fairness between city students and village and refugee camp students in favor of city students. No statistically significant differences, however, were found in the domains of freedom of expression, academic course and method of teaching which might be attributed to the variable of place of living. Finally, there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the score of students’ perceptions of faculty members’ democratic practices which might attributed to the cumulative average variable in favor of those who had very good and excellent students. In the light of these findings, the researcher recommends the following: · Holding regular cultural and intellectual seminars for faculty members with the participation of both parties in the university to foster concepts of democratic life, values, and practices. · Supporting and reinforcing student union practices and enhancing democratic values in the contexts and trends in these practices and working towards the purifying of the atmospheres of these practices from anti-democratic values. · Fostering democratic principles and finding ways to achieve them on the university campus for teachers, students and administrative team. Conducting further studies on democratic practices and students’perceptions of these practices at other Palestinian universities.
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