Mind and Senses Lexicons in the Holy Quran PDF |
| Siham Mohammed Ahmed Al Asmer |
| Supervisor(s) |
| PhD. Yehya Jaber - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Thanks to Allah, and peace on his prophet, This study was arranged in an introduction, three main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction approached the importance of language in human life. Furthermore, the study focus on the status of Arabic language; the language of the holy Quran, the title of the study was "dictionary of lexicons of mind and senses: a statistical study. The first chapter of the study, made the theoretical background with a title "lexicons of mind and senses between philosophers and linguists". It also included a discussion of vocabulary of realization and awareness that took its origin from the Greek philosophy with an Islamic style, most of the time, a cross-opinions approach between the variouse linguists which shows the points of agreement and disagreements. The second chapter: in this chapter the dictionary was divided into similar somatic groups, the dissection of lexicons semantics and its origin in the Arabic dictionaries, moreover, a linking was made between most dictionary lexicons and their meaning in concrete form, and its epistemological and its developments into their abstract form. The third chapter contained a statistical tabulation, and divided them into two tables of contents, the former is concerned with mind and senses lexsicons in alphabetical order, supported with variouse occurrences in the holy Quran, the latter, is a statistical tabulation that shows the numbers of words occurrences in the Quran, their derivations and their madani and maki classifications. Finally, the study ended with a conclusion that focuses on the main themes and summarizes the study's main results, while comparing the results of previous studies.
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Saturday, January 16, 2010
Mind and Senses Lexicons in the Holy Quran
Cooling of High Heat Flux Electronic Devices by Two Phase Thermosyphon System
Cooling of High Heat Flux Electronic Devices by Two Phase Thermosyphon System PDF |
| Aysar Mahmoud Masoud Yasin |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa - |
| Discussion Commity |
| . Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa supervisor Dr. Afif Hasan (External Examiner) Dr. Bashir Al Noory (Internal Examiner) |
| 116 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Two phase closed thermosyphon system for cooling high heat flux electronic devices is built in the laboratory and tested under different operating conditions. This Study presents an experimental investigation on the heat transfer coefficient, temperature difference between the evaporator and the refrigerant inside evaporator channels, overall heat transfer coefficient, and overall thermal resistance in two-phase thermosyphon system. Investigations are carried out at different conditions: different system pressures, two different types of refrigerants R134a and R22, two different evaporator designs, natural and forced convection heat transfer mode in the condenser. The heat flux and the amount of refrigerant are the manipulated parameters in the system. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient increases almost linearly with the applied heat to the evaporator, and reduced pressure. It is also highly dependant on the type of refrigerant, because the performance of the refrigerant R134a likely to be better than that of R22. The heat transfer coefficient is also higher at natural convection condensation than forced convection condensation at the same heat load, while the overall heat transfer coefficient in the system for forced convection is higher than for natural convection condensation. The heat transfer coefficient is highly dependant on the design of evaporator, especially on the diameters channels. The natural convection heat transfer coefficient is found to be 27 kW/m².˚C and 3.7 kW/m².˚C using R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 115W. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient is found to be 2.4 kW/m².˚C and 1.6 kW/m².˚C, using R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 450W. The forced convection overall heat transfer coefficient using R134a is found to be 9.4 kW/m².˚C at 415W while it is 1.08 kW/m².˚C at natural convection at 155W. The temperature difference [Tevaporator–Tsaturation] depends on both the applied heat flux to the evaporator, systems pressure and type of the refrigerant. The natural convection temperature difference does not exceed 1˚C and exceeded 8˚C for R134a and R22, respectively at heat load of 100W. The obtained evaporator temperature for R134a is 94˚C at 155W and 44˚C at 414W using natural and forced convection, respectively. While, the obtained evaporator temperature for R22 is about 80˚C at 115W and 40˚C at 450W for natural and forced convection, respectively. The overall thermal resistance decreases almost linearly with increasing the heat load regardless of the used refrigerant. Moreover, for forced convection, the thermal resistance is much lower than the other heat transfer processes. The overall natural convection thermal resistance is 0.47˚C/W at 155.6W and 0.53˚C/W at 115W while overall forced convection thermal resistance is 0.056˚C/W at 414W and 0.044˚C/W at 417W for R134a and R22 refrigerants, respectively. |
COMPUTER – AIDED DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PV-DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM
COMPUTER – AIDED DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PV-DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM PDF |
| Mo'ien Ali Ahmad Omar |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Dr. Marwan M. Mahmoud - د.عماد بريك |
| Discussion Commity |
| Prof. Dr. Marwan M.Mahmoud Dr.Waleed Al-Kokhon Dr.ImadIbrik Dr.Abdel-karim Daud |
| 113 صفحة |
| Abstract :h |
Abstract The present work presents a methodology to design and analyze the performance of a PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems using computer aided design. Analysis carried out in terms of several designs and different economic parameters based on life cycle cost and cost annuity. It was found that for Palestine the PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems are economically more feasible than using diesel or PV- stand alone systems. Different scenarios were tested technically and economically until the most appropriate one was found. A respective computer program, which simulates the operation of hybrid system on an hourly basis, was developed and can be a helpful tool to design a PV– Diesel Hybrid Power Systems appropriate from techno-economical view points for rural areas in Palestine. |
The Legal Regulation of Electronic Contracts
The Legal Regulation of Electronic Contracts PDF |
| Yahia Yousef Falah Hassan |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ghassan Khaled - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 134 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Internet as other interventions evolved gradually from military use to civil use, trade and an electronic contracts in which agreement is done with an open communication net through a seen and heard mechanism that facilitate the interaction between the acceptor and the taker. Globally, electronic contracts are negotiable and not obligatory. There is always a possibility to negotiate on these electronic contracts according to the nature of each electronic contact. Electronic contracts are considered international contracts, crossing boundaries, and not confined by boundaries of any country. Electronic contracts may be commercial, civil, or mixed according to the nature of each contract, and the relationship that governs the parties of the contracts. The acceptance in the electronic contract should be obvious and containing all necessary elements. The showed image on the screen of the computer must reflect the real situation for the goods without unexplained or lost items. The acceptance should be clear and explicit. Silence is not considered as acceptance in electronic contracts. Electronic contracts are governed by administrative law which the parties choose. In case there is no agreement between the parties on the law, the judge may extract the hidden well from similar situation and adopt the closest law to the electronic contract based on the place of the contract or the nationality of the parties. For approval of the electronic contact, the Palestinian law deals with the modern communication instruments in the spectrum of exceptions, so it does not obligate the existence of complete written evidence to made it legal. It considers the freedom of obligation in trade goods, taking into account that the nature of the basics of Law of Evidence is completive not forcible, and the parties can agree on its opposite. The signature on the electronic contracts takes different forms depending on its nature, including biometric, numerical, and pen signatures. There are a lot of legislations to govern the type of the signature to give it the needed legal entity. The researcher concluded that electronic signature may be used under the Palestinian Law of Evidence after the agreement of the parties, and this returns to the freedom of the parties to agree on the way to guarantee their activities. Electronic signature is accepted according to the Palestinian law in certain situations like the formal documents, and the documents agreed upon by the parties. However, electronic signature is not accepted according to the Palestinian law in certain sensitive and special situations like Islamic Waqf, wills and its revisions, the disposition of immovable properties, entrusts, and the personal documents. |
Guarantees of Disciplinary Questioning of the Public Servant Contrastive Study
Guarantees of Disciplinary Questioning of the Public Servant Contrastive Study PDF |
| Amjad Jihad Nafe' Ayyash |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ahmad Mubarak Al-Khaldi - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 180 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This study investigated the guarantees of disciplinary questioning of the public servant. In this study, I investigated these guarantees in the light of each of the Palestinian, Jordanian and Egyptian systems. In the first chapter, I approached the guarantees that precede the implementation of the disciplinary penalty. I demonstrated the confrontation of the worker with the violations alleged to him. I dealt with the concept of confrontation and the legal basis on which it is based. I found out that confrontation aims at putting the worker in the image of the accusations attributed to him. Although jurisprudence is in not in agreement in determining the basis of confrontation in case of lack of text between the ideas of penalty and hearing the other party, there is agreement about considering it a core procedure. Upon studying the confrontation details, I demonstrated the idea of informing the public servant of the accusations attributed to him, and his right of seeing the disciplinary file. I also studied the guarantee of the public servant to practise his right of defence. I found out that there is some discrepancy and absurdity in the definition of defence right and its relationship with other guarantees. I also discussed the procedures of defence practices regarding oral or written defence, freedom of defence, the employee's right of cross questioning witnesses and using them as witnesses, his right of having the assistance of a lawyer. I found out that the right of defence is one of the general principles that should be respected even in the absence of text. However, there are limits and restrictions that should be respected. I also discussed the jurisprudence disagreement regarding the burden of proof. I found out that some attributed this burden on the prosecution party taking in consideration the principle "the accused is innocent until proven guilty" which is applied in the criminal field. Others believe, based on the idea of the accuracy of administrative procedures, that the very idea of accusing the employee makes the employee guilty and he carries the burden of proving his innocence. Since confrontation of the employee with the charge attributed to him, and granting him with the right of practicing defence shall not be useful, and shall not realize the targeted purpose unless there is a guarantee of objectivity, I discussed the definition of objectivity. Some legislators restrict its range so that it is limited to the idea of not joining between the authority of investigation and verdict while others consider it an extension of defence right. I discussed this guarantee during the stage of investigation in addition to the stage of penalty implementation. I reached the conclusion that the objectivity guarantee finds complete application in the judicial disciplinary system while it is applied more weakly in the quasi-judicial disciplinary system, and it is hardly available in presidential discipline. In dealing with the means of fulfilling the objectivity guarantee, I discussed the reasons of rejection, withdrawal, and non-competence, in addition to the regulations of response and non-competence. I found out that the difference between the reasons of non-competence and the reasons of rejection lies in the following: the first nullifies the sentence or verdict even if the opponents are in agreement because the case is related to public order while opponents can disregard the rejection request or concede it after its application, and so the verdict becomes correct even if the reasons are available. The second chapter is dedicated to the guarantees of disciplinary questioning related to the controls of disciplinary penalty. As I discussed the principle of legality, I found out that the application of this principle in the disciplinary field is inadequate since it includes the legality of penalty while it does not include the legality of the violation. In addition, there are no penalty lists that link between the violation and its corresponding penalty since this is left to the competent disciplinary authority. I also discussed the procedures of commitment to the legality principle concerning the commitment to the legally-recognized limits of penalty, and narrow interpretation of penalty texts, and non-application of disguised penalty. Then I discussed the principle of disciplinary penalty character. I found out that this principle does not allow punishing the employee unless he has committed a violation or contributed to it. Otherwise, the penalty verdict would lack one of its basic foundations which is the reason foundation. Following this, I discussed the unity of the disciplinary penalty stating that the employee shall not undergo more than one original disciplinary penalty for committing one violation. I discussed the stipulations for such multitude. Among the important guarantees that I investigated in this study is the principle of proportion between the violation and the disciplinary penalty. I found out that the administrative judiciary acknowledges as a general principle for the concerned disciplinary authorities the liberty of estimating the proper penalty for the committed violation provided that such estimation shall not be excessive. I discussed the jurisprudence disagreement about the judiciary supervision of proportion. I found out that the application of such principle contradicts with what the legislations used to do in providing penalty lists related to some categories of high-ranking employees. I also discussed the principle of causation in penalty, stating its importance, its place in contrastive legislation, and the rule of such causation when the text is not available. I found out that this rule differs among systems based on administrative nature of discipline (Jordan and Palestine) and the systems based on judicial nature of discipline (Egypt). I also discussed the elements of causation restricted by facts that require penalty, the legal basis of incrimination, and the employee's response regarding defence. I demonstrated the stipulations of correct causation that require that causation should be stated in the main part of the verdict, and that the causation must be proper, coordinated and clear. The third chapter is dedicated to study the judicial appeal against the disciplinary penalty. I discussed the competent party of seeing the appeal in Egypt, Jordan and Palestine. I found out that the disciplinary penalty in Egypt may be issued by administrative circles in addition to judicial parties. Therefore, I distinguished between the competent parties investigating the appeal against the disciplinary penalty according to the part issuing the verdict. I also criticized the Palestinian administrative judiciary for its suffering from having one degree of judiciary, and the inadequacy of one court in looking into all the administrative cases. I also dealt with the two stipulations of interest and dates. I identified what is meant by interest and the judiciary stands of the jurisprudence and judiciary that it is necessary to have it, and the criteria of its identification. I also discussed the dates of submitting appeals against the disciplinary penalty at both administrative and judiciary levels. I found out that such dates are not applicable on the executed verdict. I discussed the regulation of injustice before submitting the appeal and the reasons of appeal. I found out that the disciplinary verdict as an administrative verdict is based on five bases: competence, form, cause, locus, and purpose. Therefore, I confined the appeal causes at the bases that may affect the administrative verdict in one of its bases. As for the appeal causes of the disciplinary verdict, I discussed what is stated in the Egyptian State Board Law that restricts such causes in that the appealed verdict shall be based on law violation, error in its application or interpretation, nullification of the verdict or the procedures taken following the verdict, or issuing the verdict in contrary with a former verdict that exceeded the power of the sentenced case. I also discussed the impact rising from abolishing the disciplinary verdict. It was found out that the abolishment verdict shall execute the administrative verdict retrospectively from the date of its issuance. However, the abolishment verdict has the power of absolute authority regarding the locus but it does not prevent the disciplinary authorities from re-questioning the employee disciplinarily in accordance with the |
Israeli Apartheid Wall in International Law
Israeli Apartheid Wall in International Law PDF |
| Reem Tayseer Al-Arda |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Basel Mansor - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 150 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract My thesis deals with every complicated issue in Palestinians life that is, the wall which most of was constructed on the Palestinians lands. Before this in advanced chapter I have discussed the historical roofs of this wall to prove that it is not for fighting terrorism and explosive attacks inside Israel as Israel claims but the other real purposes are to creat anew accomplished fact and new boarders that might not be changed. In the first chapter I have handled the legality of the wall which is the content of the subject where I present that the construction of the wall on the occupied Palestinian lands is against the inter national law and against all the International traditions and treaties especially the united National convention of human rights and any other related international agreements. More over I handeted in this chapter the united Nations attitude towards the wall's issue especially (security council and General Assembly), I have deduced that General Assembly attiude is stronger and greater than that of the security council which always restricted the right of -veto-when the attitude is for the Palestinian national interest. The second chapter is specialized to discuss the international attitudes towards the wall. I noticed an obvious difference among these attitudes, some of them agree, others disagree and third is a moderate. The states which have common interest, with Israel have attitude to those witch sympathize with the Palestinians issue. I also found that the Arabic states attitude is no more than condemning and deluging and silence. But according to the Palestinian attitude which is the stronger because some issues that are directly related to the wall when they are positive or negative in terms of Israeli attitude towards the wall they are two attitudes one the them agree the other disagree the idea to constrict the wall on the occupied Palestinians lanes. At third chapter I have deled the role of international court of Justice in Lahai in terms of which was constructed on the occupied Palestinian lands. This role was very strong since it issued a resolution to destroy the built parts of this wall, to compensate for their damages because of the wall and to stop the constructing work and this means that the resolution is for the Palestinian interest. This resolution consists of 150 pages, but I didn't discuss it in details because of the resented number of pages of thesis. I neatened only the most important points which demand from Israel to destroy the wall. In the same chapter I have discussed the authority of international court of Justice to issue such are solution in term of the wall or not because Israel and other states were against this court and they have suspected in the court authority for many reasons imentroned them in details in third section of this chapter. At the end of the third chapter I have discussed the political and legal importance of the resolution that issued by the international court of Justice which is considered as a victory to the Palestinian Nation. In the concluding section I have discussed all my general deductions on all the aspect of thesis. |
Perceptions of Najah National University students about democratic practices of the faculty members
Perceptions of Najah National University students about democratic practices of the faculty members PDF |
| Rula Abdul Rahim Harb |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ghassan Al Hilo - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 108 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This study sought to identify the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of faculty members in it. In addition, the study examined whether these students’ perceptions differed according to sex, college, place of living and cumulative average variables. To these two ends, the researcher developed a questionnaire and administered it to the sample. The 40-item questionnaire revolved around the students’ perceptions towards the democratic practices of the faculty members. The population of the study was all An-Najah National University (16,000 men and women students). A randomly chosen sample was drawn from the population. The total sample amounted to 800 students of both sexes. The study raised the following question and tested the following hypothesis. What are the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of the faculty members? There are no statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the perceptions of An-Najah National University students towards the democratic practices of the faculty members which may be attributed to variables of sex, college, place of living, and cumulative average. After data collection and analysis it was found that the over all score of students’ perceptions of the democratic practices of faculty members was average. The percentage of response of the total score was 62.0%. It was also found that there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the perceptions of students towards the democratic practices of faculty members in the domains of fairness and equality among students and method of teaching. The overall score, between males and females, was in favor of males. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the domains of freedom of expression, academic course which might be attributed to variable of sex. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the overall score of students’ perceptions towards the democratic practices of faculty members between males and females in favor of males which might be attributed to college variable. However, there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the score of the students’ perceptions of the faculty members’ democratic practices in the domains of equality and fairness between city students and village and refugee camp students in favor of city students. No statistically significant differences, however, were found in the domains of freedom of expression, academic course and method of teaching which might be attributed to the variable of place of living. Finally, there were statistically significant differences at α =0.05 in the score of students’ perceptions of faculty members’ democratic practices which might attributed to the cumulative average variable in favor of those who had very good and excellent students. In the light of these findings, the researcher recommends the following: · Holding regular cultural and intellectual seminars for faculty members with the participation of both parties in the university to foster concepts of democratic life, values, and practices. · Supporting and reinforcing student union practices and enhancing democratic values in the contexts and trends in these practices and working towards the purifying of the atmospheres of these practices from anti-democratic values. · Fostering democratic principles and finding ways to achieve them on the university campus for teachers, students and administrative team. Conducting further studies on democratic practices and students’perceptions of these practices at other Palestinian universities.
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Urban Seismic Risk
Urban Seismic Risk: PDF |
| Hadeel Osama Rafiq Faidi |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Jalal Al-Dabeek - الدكتور علي عبد الحميد |
| Discussion Commity |
| د.جلال الدبيك/مشرفا ورئيسا د.علي عبدالحميد/مشرفا ثانيا ج. د.محمودالقريوتي/خارجيا د.رضوان الكيلاني/داخليا |
| 126 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract The historical and instrumental earthquake studies in Palestine demonstrate that damaging earthquakes, mainly along the Jordan-Dead Sea fault, have caused in several cases severe devastation and many hundreds and sometimes thousands of fatal casualties. Therefore, it is of prime importance to search for seismic risk mitigation in the Palestinian urban areas. Land-use planning represents an attempt to reduce the number of conflicts and adverse environmental impacts in relation to both society and nature. It involves, in the first instance, the collection and evaluation of relevant data from which plans can be formulated. The aim of this work is the estimation of local site effects caused by the geological conditions and the evaluation of their influence on seismic ground motion. We divided this work into steps. In the first step, the H/V spectral ratio techniques were used to estimate empirically the site response function. Nablus area was analyzed using ambient vibration records from 17 sites over a ten-month period. In the second step, all available data for the Nablus area were collected and interpreted. In the third step the points where chosen and the data acquisition were made. The results show site–dependent variations in spectral amplitude, dominant frequency and amplification level. The study recommended that microtremor measurements should be done in detail for Nablus area, as well as adding an element of influence soil and the quality of the future master plans of the Nablus city, in particular, and most Palestinian cities in general. It has indicated that there is a negative relationship with the local geology, and the presence of site effect appears obviously in the study area (especially in the Valley part). Finally, the study stressed the need for a national policy for land usage that included avoiding building on landslide in the mountainous areas, having high control in construction, Number of stories, structure and use. The study aimed to help planners, decision makers and risk managers in Palestine to better understanding of the seismic risk in urban areas in order to reach a higher level of preparedness. Keywords: seismic risk, urban planning, Palestine |
Spatial Analysis of Public Services (Schools and Kindergartens) in Nablus City Using the Tool of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Spatial Analysis of Public Services (Schools and Kindergartens) in Nablus City Using the Tool of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) PDF |
| Taher Jom’ah Taher Yousef |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ali Abdelhamid - الدكتور أحمد رأفت غضية |
| Discussion Commity |
| 154 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This thesis aims basically at studying the existing public services (schools and kindergartens) in Nablus City in terms of their capability, distribution and suitability for the urban expansion and population growth in the city. The thesis includes a comprehensive survey of all schools and kindergartens in the city in order to provide a data base of these services, in addition to data about the number of students, teachers and the architectural characteristics of the buildings and their services. Also, the level of satisfaction about such public services was measured through the results of the questionnaire distributed to a random sample of students.
The methodology of the study was based mainly on the descriptive and analytical research methods by using the tool of Geographic Information Systems and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as well as using certain geographic models like neighbouring link and effect zone.
The results of the study indicated the existence of randomness in the distribution of schools and kindergartens in Nablus City due to the absence of proper planning and reference to planning regulations. In addition, the study showed the lack of efficiency and capability of such services.
The study recommended the necessity of identifying local planning regulations for public services in Nablus City in particular and in other Palestinian cities in general. Also, it emphasized the necessity of establishing a spatial planning department at the Ministry of Education responsible for the distribution and planning of educational services as well as applying the planning regulations according to the population growth and geographic features of the settlements.
Finally, the study has recommended the establishment of a spatial database of educational services in the Palestinian Territories. |
The Distribution and Planning of Public Services in Tammoun Town (Tubas Governorate) Using the Geographic Information Systems
The Distribution and Planning of Public Services in Tammoun Town (Tubas Governorate) Using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) PDF |
| Kifah Saleh Mohammed Abdallah |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ali Abdelhamid - د. احمد رأفت غضية |
| Discussion Commity |
| 221 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract
This study is concerned with the distribution and spatial planning of different public services in the Palestinian Town of Tammoun as an attempt to deal with the improper distribution of these services in the town, as it is the case in most of other Palestinian towns and localities, in addition to the absence of spatial planning regulations according to the related population size and density.
The major aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the current situation of public services in Tammoun Town in terms of their distribution and suitability, and their relationships with population and physical density in each neighbourhood unit with reference to the planning regulations of these services. Moreover, it aimed at determining the priorities of physical development in the town during the coming period.
To achieve this aim, the concepts concerning urban planning, planning of public services as well as the concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and applications in planning were studied. The methodology of the thesis was mainly based on both the descriptive and analytical methods as well as on the results of the physical survey of population and public services in the town using the GIS and software of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS).
The results of the study have indicated that Tammoun suffers from the lack of basic services like education, health and recreation. Also, it indicated that most of the public services were improperly distributed without considering the population densities and planning regulations.
The study has recommended the necessity of preparing a well defined plan for the distribution of public services in Tammoun according to the planning regulations and based on the current and future distribution, size, and density of the town’s population. |
The Role of Women Institutions in Development Planning in the Palestinian territories
The Role of Women Institutions in Development Planning in the Palestinian territories PDF |
| Somaya Sameh Abdul Fattah Amer |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ali Abdelhamid - الدكتورة سهى هندية |
| Discussion Commity |
| 150 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract The thesis is concerned with the role of women institutions in development planning, through studying the most significant aspects that enable them to draw policies and strategic plans with emphasis on their fields of work , priorities, and strategies as well as their future vision, references, intended parties, and relations with the government. Also, it is concerned with the results and attempts to improve the situation of women and their participation in the public life and in development planning committees. The study aimed basically at reviewing and evaluating the current status of women institutions in the Palestinian Territories in order to sustain their participation in drawing developments plans. In addition, it aims at investigating and analyzing the major reasons that restrict their participation effectively. The study followed both the descriptive and analytical research methods. A sample of 50 institutions including governmental and non-governmental ones that are located in the West Bank and distributed among its six governorates was used. The results of the study have indicated the awareness of the women institutions to their basic limitation and shortage, being the absence of a common umbrella that combines all the women institutions, and takes the responsibility over a united women speech and a collective women strategy. In addition, it indicated their awareness towards overcoming the limitation of their staff and the significance of providing the required training. Moreover, it indicated the awareness for improving their relations with the government up to the participation in decision making, to avoid being away from the development arena. The study came up with several recommendations concerning the enhancement of women’s participation in the development planning process; including the establishment of a common women umbrella, adopting a clear working strategy, and changing the typical view about woman through intensive awareness and educational campaigns, development of education curriculums, continuation of pressure campaigns for changing laws, upgrading the women capacity, and enhancing their participation in the development planning process on the governmental level. |
Envieromental, Social Integration of Handicapped in the local communityg
Envieromental, Social Integration of Handicapped in the local community PDF |
| Rana Mohamad Subhi Awadeh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| D. Kire Merie - د. ماهر أبو زنط |
| Discussion Commity |
| 229 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
This study aimed at shedding the light on problems of the handicapped, problems of mobility handicap in Nablus area pertaining educational premises and also the daily social life and then studying how far public organizations in Nablus are willing to deal with this problem and then shedding light on physical engineering aspects for integrating such group within the society. The researcher tries to investigate the realities of Palestinian handicapped youth as they see it. She also investigates the obstacles they face such as in transportation, economic aspect, social & psychological aspects, social relations and the needs of the handicapped. The researcher investigates the realities of the institutions dealing with the handicapped in Nablus district through presenting recommendations aiming at integrating the handicapped in the community. The researcher followed the field descriptive approach through filling out questionnaires and conducting interviews with both the handicapped and the personnel in charge of catering for the handicapped needs.
The study showed the following results: The handicapped students all see that academic premises that meet their needs are 36.6% at schools and 34.9% at universities. The physical facilities seem to be not the major obstacle; it is rather the integration of such people in the community. The Israeli closures and seizure of Nablus worsens things for the handicapped. The number is increasing for different reasons and the funds seem to be not reaching such needy sector. A comprehensive policy is to be adopted to improve prevention against handicaps and improve the rehabilitation programs where the handicapped can participate in the community activities to raise their spirits and make them feel they are treated fairly. Statistics and data should be more accurate so that planning and policies can be drawn more precisely to help the handicapped. The relationships and coordination among institutions should be fostered. Also the families of the handicapped should be involved in the process of rehabilitation in order to deliver better services to the handicapped. |
Urban Agriculture As Tool For City Planning
Urban Agriculture As Tool For City Planning PDF |
| Husam M. K. AL Hudhud |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ali Abdulhamid - د.عزام طبيلة |
| Discussion Commity |
| 214 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
ABSTRACT Urbanization is one of the major issues facing mankind today and is in its extent unique in world history. Neither international government bodies nor national or local governments are well prepared to deal appropriately with this development but none of them can afford to ignore this phenomenon. It is expected that by 2020, 40-45% of the poor in the Palestinian territories will be concentrated in towns and cities such as Nablus. The population projections showed that more 424,400 inhabitants will be served by the Metropolitan Nablus municipality in the year 2025. The rapid increase of population almost accompanying with the increase demand on food, space , water, job opportunities and renewable resources. The huge estimated quantities of consumed food by Nablus dwellers estimated in year 2000 at 38,584 tons will defiantly increase making the situation more complicated for the city planner to secure the city from the food consumption point of view, construction of suitable roads, storage facilities, lands for cultivation, and preserving enough water for irrigation. However, in the light of water scarcity which jumped from – 1,322 m³ per year in 2005 into -30,697 m³ per day in year 2025, and the decrease of the per capita available land from 150 m² in year 1989 to 78 m² in year 2000 in the light of high percentage of unemployed inhabitants, will complicate the problems of city planning. This research which aimed at introducing urban agriculture as a tool for city planning have had investigated the impact and methods of such and as appropriate mitigation measure against major city problems in the city planning have a huge important conclusions leading to multiple scenarios to mitigate the problems of immigration of rural people to the city center and against the environmental hazards associated with urbanization such as the increase of solid wastes amounts, untreated waste water and many others. |
Planning of Public Services in Cities
Planning of Public Services in Cities PDF |
| Mohammed Ghassan Abdullrahman Abdallah Jurf |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Khaled Qamheih - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 162 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This thesis is concerned with studying the planning of public services in cities in general and in Nablus city in particular, with emphasis on the distribution of these services in Makhfiyeh area as a case study for neighborhood units in the city. The study aims at identifying the status of public services that are required by the residents in the area. These services include educational, health, social, religious, cultural and recreational facilities as well as the public parks. The current situation of the services is analyzed and evaluated in addition to the determination of needs and existing problems. Moreover, certain strategies and proposals concerning the planning and development of these services are given in the light of the population growth and physical expansion of the city and the study area. The methodology of the study is based mainly of the both the descriptive and analytical research methods. The required data were collected from different sources, in addition to the data and descriptive information that were collected through the physical survey of the public services and land uses in the study area. Also, some interviews with experts and related persons in Nablus Municipality were conducted in order to have their opinion about the distribution of public services in Nablus city in general and in Makhfiyeh area in particular. The results of the study indicated that there is a lack in some public services such as educational, health, recreational, social, and cultural services both on the city level and study area level. Also, the results show the crowding of students in classrooms both in schools and in kindergartens. Furthermore, the study indicated the lack of public land for the purposes of establishing public services and facilities in Nablus city. The study has recommended the necessity of providing public services in Makhfiyeh area, particularly recreational, social and cultural services, in the light of population increase in the area. In addition, it recommended the revision of the distribution of public services, mainly educational and health services, in Nablus city as well as the provision of financial sources for sustaining land required for public services through the coordination between the municipality and other related governmental institutions. Finally, the study has emphasized the significance and necessity of considering the planning regulations and standards related to the distribution and allocation of public services in the areas of future expansion in the city in accordance with the expected population size. |
IMPACT OF PUMPING ON SALTWATER INTRUSION IN GAZA COASTAL AQUIFER, PALESTINE
IMPACT OF PUMPING ON SALTWATER INTRUSION IN GAZA COASTAL AQUIFER, PALESTINE PDF |
| Abdelhaleem Ibraheem Abdelhaleem Saleh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 1.Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri (Supervisor) 2.Dr. Anan Jayyousi (Internal examiner) 3. Dr. Marwan Haddad (Internal examiner) 4. Dr. Amal Al-Hudhud (External examiner) |
| 100 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA) is the major source of water in Gaza Strip. Recent studies show noticeable deterioration in the water quality; where chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and fluoride concentrations are exceeding the maximum contaminant levels in most of the wells in Gaza Strip. Many agricultural wells are no longer used due to the high salinity. This high salinity is an indication of a phenomenon called saltwater intrusion which appears mainly in coastal aquifers due to the excessive pumping. This study is an attempt to find out the impact of pumping on the hydraulic head at the coastline of Gaza Strip. To do so, a groundwater flow model was developed for GCA using MODFLOW-2000 based on data from the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA). The model was calibrated based on head observations obtained form PWA and contour maps from literature. The calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of pumping, recharge, and injection on water table elevation. The results show that GCA is sensitive to the above mentioned parameters. Pumping has a great impact on water table elevations. A small decrease in total pumping (pumping from all of the wells) results in a noticeable decline in the areas that have water table elevations below mean sea level (MSL), which is in essence an indication of saltwater intrusion. Similar results were found when decreasing municipal and agricultural pumping. Two potential solutions were simulated; reduction in pumping and the injection of water through wells. These two options eliminated the problem of saltwater intrusion. However, a thorough future analysis should include an economic feasibility study. |
Utilization of Olive Husk as a Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Portland cement Concrete Mixes for Non-Structural Uses
Utilization of Olive Husk as a Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Portland cement Concrete Mixes for Non-Structural Uses PDF |
| Bani Odi, Iyad Jameel Ahmad |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Osama Abaza - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
This research aims at partially solving the environmental problem of olive oil wastes (husk & ash) by utilizing this waste in non-structural concrete mixes. On the other hand, this research aims at studying the effects of using olive oil wastes (husk & ash) on the physical properties of Portland cement concrete. To achieve the purpose of this thesis, the following methodology will emphasize and express the physical characteristics of Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) when olive oil waste (Husk) and Burned Husk (Ash) are used in the production of lightweight concrete, the following tests were done: sieve Analysis and specific gravity for coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, olive husk, olive ash. Different percentage replacements of olive husk or ash were used (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) % for concrete grades (PCC150, PCC200, PCC250, PCC300, PCC450), for each grade four samples for each proportion were done to test slump, density and compressive strength. In addition, three samples were prepared for testing absorption, abrasion, noise insulation, and thermal insulation. Results for all percentage replacements of olive husk and ash for all grades were ranging from (23-29) mm for slump. For olive husk and ash (density & compressive strength) are decreased as percentage replacement increases. For water absorption, as percentage replacement by olive husk and olive ash decrease, water absorption increases. For abrasion test, losses in weight due to abrasion increase as a percent replacement of olive husk or ash increases. For noise insulation, sound reduction increases as the percentage replacement of olive husk or ash increases. For thermal insulation, it increases as percent replacement of olive husk increases; however, it decreases as percent replacement of olive ash increases. |
Lut Story in the holy Quranand the Torah
Lut Story in the holy Quranand the Torah PDF |
| Jihad Mohammad Abdul Rahman Hammad |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Mohammad Hafez Shraideh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 198 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This study was conducted depending on the story of Lut and his Kinsfolk in both the Holly Quran and the Torah. The researcher held the a comparison between the tow heavenly books showing that the distorted Torah conforms with the Holy Quran in some aspects such as portraying the general out lay of the story . Yet, the detailed events are totally different. Because the Holy Quran presents the morals and exhortations of the story while the torah suffices with the narrative aspect only. The researcher highlighted the divine honor bestowed to Lut in the Quran, the recurrent insults in the Torah, and his resolution and patience in front of his people tyranny .when he was parching them. The study also pointed out the systematic distortion of the Jews.
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The Tribulation Approach in the Holy Qur'an
The Tribulation Approach in the Holy Qur'an PDF |
| Rajab Nasr Moosa Al-anas |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Professor Mohammad Hafiz Alshraideh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 232 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This research camein five chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter I talked about the meaning of God's approach tribulation, and the meainig of oradeal and attraction. Then I explained the Almighty God's approach in thorough examining, which is a general approach applied to all people. In chapter two, I tackled sorts of tribulation through explaining tribulations in property, body, offspring and wife citing examples. In chapter three, I dealt with sorts of tribulation in various aspects such as creed obedience and affluences with examples. In chapter four, I approached tribulation in the context of the work for God's sake, I showed with examples the methods adopted by the idols in hindering the work for the sake of the religion. In chapter five, I dealt with the tribulation in the life of prophet Mohammad, peace by upon him and his companions in Almadeenah Almonawarh. I demonstrated some features of tribulation imposed on the prophet and his companions during Al'gazawat (i-e campaigns) and I cited examples from Gazwat Ohod and Gazwat Alkhndaq. Then I mentioned some examples related to the tribulation of believers practiced by the hypocrites. I concluded the research in brief to the necessity and importance of adherence to patience and creed whatever the circumstances might be.
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Comparison between salam and rebba in Islamic law
Comparison between salam and rebba in Islamic law PDF |
| Hekmat Abdul Raouf Hasan Musleh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Mammon Al Refaei - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 170 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Al salam : hold on described in the protection postponed in a received price in the contact council. Al salam is a kind of debt consisting of diversified treatments of the debts and one of the opposites critique. And the other is a Naseea'h in the protection. Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) had allowed Al salam conditional sale as an exception of the origin be obsolete contracting on a lacking thing. This contract had legitimized especially to it because of the people need. The salesclerk needs for a production a capital and expenses the produces. The buyer needs a cheaper price for the saled goods. Islam prohibits a thing except if defeated damage. But if the thing damage be equal with advantage. Allah prohibits it. And the usury damages in the social side and the ethic and the economist side. The usury pledge allegiance the food before received of origins. For example, if a person lent 100 Dinars to another person a quantity of wheat for a year, after the period the seller said to the buyer: sell me that wheat for 120 Dinars to the next year. And this doesn't differ in the sentence from Nasseea'h sell. What like saying in this project is that, the investor pursuer the illicit as thematic way for projects financing products they can sell their products suing Al salam contract, and from the important members distinguish the Islam Banks the increasing the bank takes. Using such a contract in the industrial field is fairly important, that finds a solution for financing that area, then to contribute in increasing the industrial products. This will lead to prices reduction in different products in the commercial field. This in the end opens the external investment domain. |
The Land Ownership In Tulkarm District During The British Government (1918-1948)
The Land Ownership In Tulkarm District During The British Government (1918-1948) PDF |
| Abdul-jabbar Raja Mahmoud Al-odeh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| D.:Nezam Ezat AL-Abbasi - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 249 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
ABSTRACT The Origin of the name (Tulkarm) is (Tur-Karm) which is named after Al-Karm Mountain. The district of Tulkarm has been known as (Tur-Karm) since the 18th Century; then, the name was became into Tulkarm. Tulkarm is situated in the mid-eastern part of the coastal plain- 17km from the beach of the Mediterranean. Haifa and Jenin districts are located to the north of Tulkarm; districts of Jenin and Nablus from the East, and the Mediterranean from the west. This district of (Tulkarm) was presented by the Ottomans in 1892 which was then named, as the district of (Bani Saa'b) after the name of Bani Saa'b tribe who lived in the area at that time. This location was classified to have a special military and economic importance due to the fact that the fertile coastal plains are located to the western part. This location also helped much in developing the judiciary much in a short time. area of The total (Tulkarm) was (835.61km2), 17% of which was owned by the Jews for the district. After the Nakba, the total size of the district was 333km2 which means that the total of lands that the Jews had stolen equals 835.61-333=502.361km2. According to the statistics of British Government the population of the district in 1922 was about (34.972); according to the statistics of 1931, the population of the district was about 140.000. The first tribes who had lived in the district are the Jaradat and the Barqawi. The Ottoman's law of land ownership divided the land as follows: 1- Al-mamloki lands: all the lands owned by persons or groups who have the freedom over it to be in herited or donated. 2- Al-Matroka lands: Those lands are classified as natural reserves, those lands that cannot be owned such as roads, free lands which are granted to the people of a village, and the law explained how they can be used. 3-Al-Mawat lands: those lands that are not cultivated, and far away, dead lands can be granted by the government. 4-Al-Mawqoofa lands: those lands that the government donated to spend on the religious institutions. Or personal donations which their owners donated in order to spend on the poor. 5-Al-Ameria lands: those lands that include forests and pastures; lands such as these can be owned by persons or by groups either through reclamation or buying. 6-Al-Masha' lands: those lands that are owned by persons or groups, the income out of which is normally returned to the government, but keeping in final that all were allowed to get benefit out of which without any clines of discrimination. From the early start, the Jews have focused on the issue of owning more and more lands, to prepare the ground for carrying out their project of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. Shortly after 1878 the Jews sent a delegation to Palestine to buy and own land as the chance was good because during that period there was a group of big owners most of whom lived in cities or other Arab states like Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and others. The properties of this group grew due to the poverty of the villagers who had to get loans to support their families. Because of being unable to pay back the loans, they had to sell this land. In this way, the big owners managed to control and own most of the land and in some cases, they owned whole villages. The relations between the authorities and the big owners were good and this helped them to register the land. When the Jewish delegation came to Palestine, they found the big owners willing to sell land to them. These owners met the Jewish delegation and there were secret deals between them. They were secret to show the big owners as national people. The selling of land was at first in the coastal areas. The Jews followed cunning methods in buying land and founded societies and funds for this purpose among which is Kerens Kayemet in 1901 and Karen Haisud in 1920, Beika, Land Developing Company, Histadrut and other organizations that were entitled to buy the Arab land. The national movement faced the danger, which was caused by the land sold to the Jews, In addition to the Arabic newspapers to face this danger and its fighting for the existence of Palestinian people and their future in this homeland. The Palestinian national movementt did its best to face this danger through: 1. Announcing in the newspapers a bout the middlemen, sellers and land buyers, to expose them, and to force on them to leave it. 2. Speaking against this crime in mosques and churches, religious leaders spoke against this group of middlemen and land sellers and described them as spies and deserved to be boycotted. 3. Scientists and religious men trips in Palestine villages. The Islamic High Council took interest in these, so it made many efforts in land buying. So Palestinian scientists made several visits to warn against selling land to the Jews. 4. Founding funds and companies to buy Arab lands among which are Sundouk Al-Omma, which was established on the donations for buying. Lands which were for sale, Alsharika AL-Arabia lenkath Al-Aradi, which was established in 1932 to buy land and investin it. 5. Meeting and conferences: the Islamic High Council played an important rule in this issue, and this rule produced many conferences, which were held in Palestine. These conferences achieved positive results in people's attitudes about land selling. Among from these conferences are: Muslim scientists' conference. The national movement's activity in resisting the land selling, gave fruitful in the fierce attack of the Zionist movement with its different tools and its financial temptations. In the light of economic crises from which the Palestinian people suffered, and because of the poverty of all the homeland resulting from the policies folled by the British government which aimed at putting the country under conditions that guaranteed the establishing of the Jewish national homeland. |
The exposure of Farmers and their families to pesticides in an agricultural community
The exposure of Farmers and their families to pesticides in an agricultural community PDF |
| Alfaris, Maysoon Tahsin Abdel Raouf |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Nidal Zatar; Ansam Sawalha - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Continuous use of chemicals such as pesticides has resulted in harmful effects to the environment, caused human illness, and impacted negatively the agricultural production and its sustainability. Farmers and their families are likely to be exposed to agricultural chemicals, even if they are not involved in farm activities. They have higher chances for exposure, directly or indirectly, to pesticides. Analysis were conducted on fourty three of soil samples collected from several places such as open fields, inside the greenhouses, and nine dust samples collected from the houses, the pesticides stores, and the vehicles of the farmers in the area. Soil and dust samples were collected from three agricultural areas in eastern Nablus district i.e. Al-Fara'a, Al-Bathan, and An-Nassariyya. The samples were analyzed for the presence of the most widely used pesticides by the farmers in the study area. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry GC/MS. The detected pesticides were methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, penconazol, endosulfan, and triademanol. Most of the analyzed samples showed considerable residues of the five pesticides. A questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and toxicity symptoms related to pesticide practice among fifty farmers in the area. Analysis of the returned completed questionnaire revealed that there was a relation between answers of it and the pesticide residues in the soil and dust of the study area. It was concluded that most of the farmers and their families reported suffering from toxicity symptoms due to the exposure to extensive amounts of pesticides. Additionally, farmers reported that they have misused and mishandled these pesticides despite their knowledge about the adverse impact that could result. The highest percentage of self-reported toxicity symptoms was found among the farmers who do not wear protective clothes during the pesticides applications. Prevention and intervention programmes would include health education regarding the use of protective gear and monitoring the health status of farmers exposed to pesticides. |
The Impact of Grazing and Land Reclamation on Natural Plant Biodiversity in Al-Fara’a Area
The Impact of Grazing and Land Reclamation on Natural Plant Biodiversity in Al-Fara’a Area PDF |
| Ammar Gazi Mahmoud Salahat |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Dr. Mohammed S. Ali-Shtayeh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 1. Prof. Dr. Mohammed S. Ali-Shtayeh (Supervisor)2. Dr. Ayed Mohammed (External Examiner)3.Dr. Munqez J. Shtaya (Internal Examiner) |
| 159 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
This study was carried out in Tallouza village which located in the Wadi El-Far’a area in West Bank in order to study the effect of grazing and land reclamation on natural vegetation diversity during two growing seasons (2005-2006 and 2006-2007). Four sites of grassland ecosystem of different type of land use (reclaimed grassland, recently no-grazing grassland, under-grazing grassland, natural reserved grassland) were selected. Vegetation and soil sampling were carried out in mid April for each growing season, data about amount and distribution of rainfall and temperature were collected for the area during the two growing season. Vegetation sampling and above ground biomasses were determined by using quadrate method. Braun-Blanquet scale was used to visually estimate the relative vegetation cover of each species. The study showed that vegetation composition and percent vegetation cover differ between the sites. Percent vegetation cover was significantly increased in recently no-grazing grassland when compared it with under-grazing grassland and the highest percent vegetation cover was in the natural reserved grassland, and this was indicator for the high potential of this grassland for the rehabilitation in few years when we exclude grazing. Species diversity, evenness, above ground biomass and density were significantly higher in the recently no-grazing grassland and natural reserved grassland than under-grazing grassland. Agricultural activities, especially ploughing were justifying the low natural species diversity evenness, above ground biomass and density in reclaimed grassland. Species found in under-grazing grassland were mostly low palatable to grazing animals, mostly small, prostrate or rosette plants while in natural reserve grassland mostly palatable to grazing animals, mostly tall and erect plants. The vegetation cover observed in mid April 2007 was higher than mid April 2006 at natural reserve grassland and recently no-grazing grassland were due to the differences in distribution of precipitation in the two growing seasons and grazing exclusion. There was no significant difference between the sites in the edaphic factors, so we didn’t know the effect of these factors on natural vegetation diversity in the area. |
Words in Astronomy and Approach the Rhetoric
Words in Astronomy and Approach the Rhetoric (Study Lexical indicative) PDF |
| Eiman Sami Moumad Al Shobaki |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr.Yahya Jaber - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 209 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This search words astronomy, the body which received sermons forward – Al- Emam Ali - and sayings, which had been collected Sharif has a special satisfaction in the book, glossary terms are familiar with them as characters Alapttij salary, and we then analyzed according to a sequential groups, and focused in this analysis For introducing the concept and purpose semantic, and then offered some of the issues of language that spread and stopped those words and wordy, and tail attachment research examines the number of repeat those words statistical study with commentary on each group. |
Connotations of Colors in Nizar Qabbani's Poetry
Connotations of Colors in Nizar Qabbani's Poetry PDF |
| Ahmad Abdalla Mohammad Hamdan |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Yahia Jabr - أ. د. خليل عودة |
| Discussion Commity |
| 221 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This study semantically and stylistically deals with color in Nezar Qabbani's poetry. It aims at highlighting and counting studying the color aspects in his poetry. This research is viewed as being part of the study of linguistics, in that it deals with the meanings and implications of the color expressions. Hence, color occupies an important part in our lives due to the fact that it is a motive for vitality, activeness, rest and tranquility, in addition to being a symbol of our different feelings of joy and pleasure. The research takes the methods of analysis, description and calculation in treating such color expressions. Therefore, this research includes an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, I addition to an appendix of the color expressions in Nezar's poetry. The first chapter tackles the meanings of color in Arabic as the concept of color is deeply rooted in the old Arab tradition, especially in the elevated poetic texts of the Seven Odes, and this chapter contains the following subjects: the colors in the old Arab poetry and the modern ones, and the black color and its meaning, the white color and its meaning, the red color and its meaning, the green color and its meanings, the yellow and its meanings, the blue color and its meanings, and the mixture o colors and the colors of rainbow and the color in the poetry of modern poets. The Second Chapter deals with the meanings of Nizar's color expressions. It begins with linguistically and idiomatically defining semantics. The research is divided into sub-headings for separate colors. Likewise, the core or central meaning is showed, followed by the implicative meaning or what is semantically referred to as the marginal meaning. This last meaning is aimed at as it shows the historical, social and psychological dimensions which influenced the poet. The Third Chapter rhetorically tackles the color aspect, depending on the modern stylistic method of criticism. Though the poet's core meanings in the aspect of color are dominant, he doesn't overlook his skillfulness in the implicative meanings. In addition, this chapter studies a number of topics related to the stylistic method which is unavoidably defined as being a modern method in the studies of criticism. Similarly, the researcher gives enough space for the stylistic displacement in Nezar's poetry considering it as an important distinguishing factor in poetry. Hence, the more the poet intends to mislead the reader through breaking the rules of language, the more successful and effective his work becomes. Moreover, repetition is of great importance in the study as being both one of the pivots of the stylistic method and one of the linguistic studies' means. As for the type of markedness, Nezar Al-Qabbani undertakes the varied and different; be it mostly a structural, narrative, descriptive and a syntactic markedness. This type of markedness aims at revealing the poet's intention to break the common rules of the language just as the free verse breaks the rules of prosody. Thereupon, the literary image is prominently presented in the study as it is a main pivot in any literary work. |
Mourning in Palestinian Folkloric Literature
Mourning in Palestinian Folkloric Literature PDF |
| Omar Maher Mohammed Oudeh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ihsan Al-Deek - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 300 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract In the first chapter, I discussed the people's stand from death starting from the pre-Islamic period till the Palestinian folkloric human being. Then I attempted to clarify the idea on which the folkloric mind built its philosophy towards death, that idea represented in the duality of Ii Fe and death. The folkloric thought believes in the presence of another life after death, and that death is not more than a gate of the second life. Such idea is derived from the natural surrounding phenomena such as plants, tile sun, and the moon. After contemplating their life cycle, they were sure that they come back to life after their death. In this way, the ancient human being tried to simulate them in his life. The second chapter is dedicated to discuss the ceremonies practiced by the relatives of the dead on their dead person, represented by funeral dancing accompanied by music, beating the chest, tearing the hair, mourning and its aspects, destroying the properties of the dead including their clothes, tools, or horses. This chapter is concluded by explaining the phrase "don't go faraway" in their mourning. I noticed that these ceremonies serve only one idea that attempt satisfy the spirit of the (lead and supply it with happiness in its second life so that it may not harm the living. In the third chapter, I classified the Palestinian folkloric mourning poems according to their occasions. I have found out that the folkloric literature dedicated certain texts to the death of a young person that are different from those cited in the death of women, the martyr, the old and the child. I also added to these types the mourning crying on other occasions such as lamenting banishment, the Palestinian cause, misfortune, and time. In the fourth chapter, I discussed the artistic imagery in folkloric mourning. I dealt with the symbols used by the lamenting women. I tried to refer such symbols to its culture of origin and myths by looking into the artistic indications of such symbols in ancient mythologies. I talked about the tree, the raven, the owl, the lion, the camel, the eagle, the sun, the moon, and the underworld. |